Can heart failure be prevented?

Heart failure develops when the heart cannot pump or fill well enough for the body's needs. Long-standing high blood pressure, a previous heart attack, valve disease and abnormal rhythms such as atrial fibrillation can strain or damage the heart. Some causes are inherited or unavoidable, but early care may reduce further injury.

Atrial fibrillation can make the heartbeat irregular and reduce efficient filling. Blood pressure may damage the heart quietly, so symptoms are not a reliable guide to whether treatment is needed.

Have blood pressure checked and follow treatment advice. Do not smoke, stay active at a level that suits your health, and choose meals that support a healthy weight and limit excess salt. Take prescribed rhythm or blood pressure medicines consistently, attend reviews, and report palpitations or a decline in exercise tolerance rather than waiting for severe symptoms.

Arrange prompt medical review for persistent breathlessness, ankle swelling, unusual fatigue, rapid weight change or a racing or irregular heartbeat. Seek emergency help for severe breathlessness at rest, chest pain, fainting, confusion or blue lips.

Ask which risk factors apply to you, how often to check blood pressure, whether palpitations need rhythm testing, and which activity, diet or medicines will best protect your heart.