C5-C6 spinal cord compression: what it means and what to do

C5 and C6 are vertebrae in the lower part of the neck. Pressure at this level can disrupt signals travelling between the brain and the body. Possible effects include neck pain, tingling or numbness in the hands, reduced hand control, arm or leg weakness, an unsteady walk, and changes in bladder or bowel control. Symptoms vary with the cause, location, and degree of pressure. In someone with cancer, a tumour in or near the spine is one possible cause; non-cancer causes also exist, so imaging and a neurological examination are needed to clarify what is happening.

Contact the oncology or spine team promptly and describe when each symptom began, whether it is worsening, and whether walking, hand use, urination, or bowel movements have changed. Avoid driving if weakness, numbness, or poor coordination makes control unsafe. Assessment may include testing strength, reflexes, sensation, and balance, followed by imaging of the neck and sometimes more of the spine. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve medicine to reduce swelling, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination. Do not start, stop, or change steroid medicines without clinical instructions.

Seek emergency medical care now for new or rapidly worsening weakness in an arm or leg, inability to walk safely, loss of bladder or bowel control, difficulty passing urine, numbness around the buttocks or genital area, or sudden major loss of hand function. These changes can signal that spinal cord function is deteriorating. Keep the neck supported and minimise unnecessary movement while arranging help if movement causes severe pain or weakness. Tell the emergency team about any current or previous cancer and any known spinal disease.

Ask what is pressing on the cord, whether other spinal levels need imaging, and which changes should trigger an immediate return to hospital. Clarify the aim and timing of treatment, how the team will protect mobility and hand function, whether a neck brace is appropriate, and which movements or activities to avoid. You can also ask how pain, rehabilitation, and support at home will be managed.