Bow legs correction in adults: assessment and treatment options

Exercises, footwear changes and weight management may reduce strain or improve movement, yet they do not normally reshape mature leg bones. Treatment depends on the location and degree of alignment change, symptoms, joint health and daily activity goals.

Bow legs, also called genu varum, describe an outward curve in which the knees remain apart when the ankles are together. In an adult, the alignment is usually structural rather than a flexible posture that can be trained away.

An orthopaedic assessment may compare both legs, observe walking, check hip-to-ankle alignment and look for wear within the knee. Imaging taken while standing can help show where the load passes through the limb and whether the change comes from the thigh bone, shin bone or a joint.

If discomfort is mild, a physiotherapist can work on hip and leg strength, balance, walking mechanics and activity pacing. These measures target function and symptoms rather than changing the underlying bone shape. A clinician may also review supportive footwear or an appropriate brace when joint loading is a concern.

When deformity is substantial, progressing or linked to focused knee wear, an osteotomy may be discussed. This operation cuts and repositions bone to shift loading across the knee. The decision requires discussion of recovery, rehabilitation, personal goals and the condition of the surrounding joints.

Book an assessment if the curve is worsening, differs noticeably between legs, or accompanies persistent knee, hip or ankle pain. Difficulty walking, repeated giving way, reduced ability to manage ordinary activities, or new swelling also deserves evaluation.

Seek urgent care after an injury if you cannot bear weight, the leg looks newly deformed, or the foot becomes cold, pale, numb or weak. Those features need prompt examination rather than an exercise programme.

Ask where the alignment change originates, whether the knee shows uneven wear, and which options match your symptoms. If surgery is proposed, discuss the intended correction, rehabilitation plan, time away from usual activities, and what may happen if treatment is delayed.