Bone Mineral Densitometry Scan: What to Expect

It is also called a DEXA scan or bone density scan. The test commonly examines the hip and lower spine, then compares the measurements with reference values. It helps a clinician assess bone strength and decide whether monitoring, lifestyle changes or treatment should be considered.

A report may include a T-score, which compares your density with that of a healthy young adult, and a Z-score, which compares it with people of a similar age and sex. Your clinician interprets these values alongside age, previous fractures, medicines, health conditions and other risk factors. A result is not a prediction that a fracture will or will not occur.

Changes between scans should be interpreted using comparable equipment and clinical context. Small differences can reflect positioning or measurement variation rather than a meaningful change in bone strength.

Tell the imaging team if you might be pregnant, recently had a contrast examination, or cannot lie flat comfortably. Follow any instructions about calcium supplements before the appointment. Wear clothing without metal fasteners if possible, and bring previous bone-density reports for comparison.

During the scan, you lie on a padded table while a scanner passes over the body region being measured. You remain still, but the equipment does not enclose you. Normal activities can usually resume afterward unless your care team gives different instructions.

The scan itself should not cause ongoing symptoms. Seek prompt medical assessment after a fall if you develop severe bone or back pain, cannot bear weight, notice a limb deformity, or have new weakness or numbness. These signs need evaluation regardless of a previous bone-density result.

Arrange routine follow-up to review the report, especially if it shows reduced density or if you have had a fracture after a minor injury. Do not start or stop bone medicine solely from the printed score.

Ask which body sites were measured, how your scores affect your fracture-risk assessment, whether medicines or medical conditions may be contributing, and when comparison testing would be useful. If treatment is discussed, ask about expected benefits, possible side effects, dental considerations and the monitoring plan.