Beginning impetigo: what to recognise

This contagious bacterial skin infection often affects exposed areas such as the face and hands. A clinician can confirm whether the rash fits impetigo and decide whether a topical or oral antibiotic is appropriate.

The first lesion can look like a red sore, a cluster of tiny blisters, or an irritated patch. Fluid may ooze before a golden-brown crust forms. Itching can encourage scratching, which transfers bacteria to nearby skin and to other people through hands, towels, clothing, or close contact.

Eczema, cold sores, insect bites, and other rashes can resemble an early infection. Impetigo may also develop on skin already damaged by atopic dermatitis or scratching. Diagnosis matters because treatments for look-alike conditions differ.

Contact a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment advice. Gently wash affected skin with soap and water, pat it dry, and cover weeping areas with a light dressing if advised. Keep fingernails short and discourage scratching.

Use separate towels and face cloths, wash hands after touching the rash or applying medicine, and avoid sharing clothing, bedding, razors, or cosmetics. Follow local advice about returning to nursery, school, work, contact sport, or swimming. Do not use leftover antibiotics or another person's cream.

Get prompt medical advice if the rash spreads quickly, becomes painful or swollen, involves the eye area, produces large blisters, or is accompanied by fever or feeling unwell. Babies, people with reduced immunity, and anyone with widespread lesions should be assessed without delay.

Return for review if new sores continue appearing during prescribed treatment, the skin becomes increasingly hot and tender, or symptoms recur. Emergency help is appropriate for breathing difficulty, facial or throat swelling, collapse, or severe illness.

Ask whether the appearance is consistent with impetigo, whether a swab is needed, and whether treatment should go on the skin or be taken by mouth. Confirm how to clean the lesions, how long contagious precautions apply, and what lack of improvement would require another appointment.