Transvaginal ultrasound: what to expect

The scan can show the uterus, womb lining, cervix, ovaries and areas around them. It may be used to investigate pelvic pain, unusual bleeding, fertility concerns, early pregnancy or an apparent cyst. A scan can describe size, position and appearance, but an image does not always identify the cause by itself. Depending on the finding, the next step could be monitoring, another test or a procedure such as diagnostic hysteroscopy. Tell the sonographer if internal examination is painful or unsuitable for you.

Follow the appointment instructions about your bladder; an internal pelvic scan commonly uses an emptied bladder, but local guidance takes priority. You can ask for a chaperone, explain any history of trauma or discomfort, and request pauses. You normally undress from the waist down and lie on an examination bed. The probe is covered with a protective sheath and lubricant, then inserted only with your consent. Wear clothing that is easy to change and arrange time to discuss the findings afterwards.

Seek urgent medical help for severe or one-sided pelvic pain, fainting, marked dizziness, shoulder-tip pain or bleeding during a possible pregnancy. Contact a clinician about heavy bleeding, fever, worsening pain or unusual discharge after the scan. These symptoms need assessment even if the ultrasound was reassuring or has not yet been reported.

Ask which organs are being assessed, whether you need any preparation, when the report will be available, and what follow-up applies to a cyst, thickened lining or unexplained pain. Tell the team what level of support and privacy you need.