Recognising possible avian influenza in birds

Warning changes can include coughing or sneezing, discharge around the eyes or beak, swelling of the head, poor coordination, tremors, diarrhoea, loss of appetite or an unusual fall in egg production. Some infected birds may appear only mildly unwell, so appearance cannot rule infection in or out.

Many animal illnesses, injuries and toxins can cause similar changes. A cluster of ill birds or unexplained deaths is particularly useful information for veterinary or wildlife authorities, who can decide whether safe collection and laboratory testing are needed.

A person cannot diagnose avian influenza by examining a bird at home. Moving, cleaning or opening the body may spread contaminated material and bring hands, clothing and eyes close to secretions.

Keep people and pets away from a sick or dead bird. Do not touch, feed, transport, slaughter or prepare it for food. Contact the relevant municipality, veterinary service, wildlife authority or workplace supervisor and follow their instructions for securing the area.

If accidental contact occurs, avoid touching your face, wash exposed skin with soap and water, change contaminated clothing and clean reusable footwear as directed. Do not sweep dry droppings or feathers, because this can disturb contaminated dust. Record the place, bird type and nature of contact for any later health assessment.

After unprotected contact, promptly contact a health service if fever, cough, sore throat, breathing symptoms or red, irritated eyes develop. Mention the exposure before attending so the team can advise where and how to be assessed.

Emergency help is needed for difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, fainting, blue or grey lips, or rapid deterioration. These warning signs require urgent action regardless of whether the bird’s illness has been confirmed.

Explain whether you touched the bird, droppings, water, feathers or surfaces; whether material reached your eyes, nose or mouth; and what protection you wore. Ask which symptoms to monitor, whether testing is indicated and how to reduce contact with household members while awaiting advice.