What causes vaginal itching?

Most people with vaginal thrush notice itching, soreness, and a thick discharge, although symptoms vary. Trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis can change discharge or smell and may irritate surrounding skin. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause can cause dryness and itching when lower oestrogen makes tissues more delicate.

Lichen sclerosus is an inflammatory skin condition that can cause persistent itching and pale, fragile patches around the vulva. New soap, pads, laundry products, tight clothing, or fragranced sprays may trigger contact irritation. Itching alone cannot identify the cause, so treatment should match an examination or suitable testing.

Stop fragranced products and avoid douching. Rinse gently, pat dry, wear breathable underwear, and try not to scratch; rubbing can break the skin and invite infection. Do not repeatedly use leftover or over-the-counter treatments without checking the diagnosis. Antifungal treatment for thrush helps when thrush is the cause, while a clinician may prescribe topical steroid treatment for vulval skin conditions.

Seek assessment for first-time itching, symptoms that persist or return, unusual discharge or odour, pain when urinating, sores, blisters, bleeding, or possible sexual exposure. Prompt review is sensible if the skin is cracked, very swollen, or difficult to examine. Testing can distinguish infection from dermatitis or a vulval skin disorder.

Could this be thrush, an STI, bacterial vaginosis, or a skin condition? Do I need a swab or examination, and which products should I avoid while the skin heals?