What are the treatment options for degenerative disc disease?

Spinal discs can lose water and flexibility over time, which may contribute to back or neck pain. Imaging changes do not always explain the level of discomfort, so treatment is guided by symptoms, examination, movement, and any nerve signs. The aim may be better function and symptom control rather than changing an image finding.

A structured [Exercise Therapy](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/exercise-therapy/) plan can build trunk or neck strength and improve movement tolerance. [Physiotherapy](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/physiotherapy/) may add posture, pacing, and hands-on strategies. For selected persistent pain, [Radiofrequency Ablation](/treatments/spine-care/radiofrequency-ablation/) may target pain signals from small spinal joints. When symptoms remain disabling and a specialist identifies a suitable disc source, [Artificial Disc Replacement](/treatments/spine-care/artificial-disc-replacement/) or [Spinal Fusion](/treatments/spine-care/spinal-fusion/) may be discussed.

Arrange a clinical review for pain that persists, limits walking or work, or travels into an arm or leg. Seek urgent care for new loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness around the saddle area, rapidly worsening limb weakness, or severe pain after significant trauma. Fever with severe back pain also needs prompt assessment.

What findings suggest the disc is causing my symptoms? Which exercises are safe now? Could a pain procedure help, and what specific problem would surgery address?