Side effects of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis reduces bone strength without necessarily causing early pain. A fall, lifting movement or ordinary daily activity can sometimes result in a fracture. The spine may develop a vertebral compression fracture, causing sudden or gradual back pain, a stooped posture or loss of height. The hip, wrist and other bones can also break, and small repeated injuries may present as a stress fracture. Recovery can affect walking, confidence and independence. Vitamin D deficiency and other health factors may contribute to weaker bones, so your risks need an individual review.

Book an assessment if you have had a low-impact fracture, persistent back pain or a noticeable change in height. A bone density scan may help assess bone strength. Your clinician may discuss fall prevention, strength and balance work, calcium or vitamin D supplementation, and medicines such as bisphosphonate therapy when suitable. Keep walkways clear, use prescribed vision or mobility aids, and choose activity that challenges muscles without unsafe twisting or impact.

Seek urgent assessment after a fall or injury if you have severe hip, back or wrist pain, new deformity, inability to stand or walk, or sudden pain after a minor movement. New numbness, weakness or loss of bladder or bowel control with back pain needs emergency care.

Ask whether you need a bone density scan, which fracture risks apply to you, how to exercise safely, and whether calcium, vitamin D or prescription treatment is appropriate.