Severe hay fever symptoms: what to know

Hay fever, also called [Allergic Rhinitis](/conditions/allergic-rhinitis/), is an allergy affecting the lining of the nose. Sneezing, an itchy or blocked nose, watery discharge, post-nasal drip, and an itchy throat may become constant during exposure to pollen or another trigger. Eye redness, watering, and itching are common when [Allergic Conjunctivitis](/conditions/allergic-conjunctivitis/) occurs alongside nasal symptoms. Congestion can make sleep and concentration harder.

Limit exposure to known triggers where practical, keep windows closed during high-pollen periods, and wash your face and change clothes after being outdoors. Saline nasal rinsing may clear irritants. A pharmacist or clinician can advise on an antihistamine, nasal spray, or eye treatment suited to your age and health. If wheezing or breathlessness occurs, discuss possible [Asthma](/conditions/asthma/) rather than treating every breathing symptom as hay fever.

Book an assessment when symptoms persist despite suitable self-care, repeatedly disturb sleep, cause facial pressure, or interfere with work or school. Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling of the lips or tongue, faintness, or rapidly worsening symptoms. Fever, marked facial pain, or thick discharge may need assessment for [Sinusitis](/conditions/sinusitis/) rather than uncomplicated allergy.

Ask what triggers are most likely, which treatment fits your other medicines, and whether persistent blockage suggests [Chronic Sinusitis](/conditions/chronic-sinusitis/). Mention wheeze, cough, ear pressure, snoring, and how symptoms change indoors or outdoors; these details help distinguish allergy from [Chronic Cough](/conditions/chronic-cough/) or another problem.