Preventing hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by a virus that commonly spreads when tiny amounts of contaminated stool reach the mouth. This can happen through unwashed hands, contaminated food or water, or close contact with an infected person. A person can spread the virus before recognising illness. Symptoms may include feeling generally unwell, loss of appetite, nausea and dark urine, although some people have few symptoms.

Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet, changing nappies and before preparing or eating food. Do not rely on hand sanitiser when hands are visibly dirty. Follow local advice about drinking water and food hygiene, especially when travelling. Hepatitis A vaccination provides targeted protection for people with relevant travel, work, household or health risks; a clinician can advise on the schedule and whether it is suitable. If someone in your household is diagnosed, seek advice promptly because post-exposure measures may be time-sensitive.

Contact a clinician if you develop dark urine, marked loss of appetite, nausea or persistent feeling generally unwell after possible exposure or travel. Seek urgent advice for severe vomiting, confusion, unusual bleeding or rapidly worsening illness. A liver function test may be part of assessment, but symptoms alone cannot confirm hepatitis A.

Ask whether you need hepatitis A vaccination, testing after an exposure, travel-specific precautions, or advice about protecting household members.