What should you know about MSM hepatitis A?

The virus affects the liver and is usually acquired when tiny amounts of contaminated stool reach the mouth. Sexual contact can sometimes involve this route of transmission, including contact between men who have sex with men. Some people have few symptoms at first. A person with hepatitis A may develop feeling generally unwell, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, fever, or yellowing of the skin and eyes. Dark urine and pale stools can occur as liver inflammation changes bile flow.

A blood test can help identify recent infection and assess liver inflammation. A liver function test measures substances released or cleared by the liver, but it does not by itself prove the cause. Read more about [Hepatitis A](/conditions/hepatitis-a/) and [Liver Function Test](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/liver-function-test/).

Arrange a medical assessment if you have compatible symptoms or have been told you had close exposure. Rest, drink enough fluid to avoid dehydration, and choose small meals if appetite is low. Avoid alcohol and check before taking medicines or supplements that may affect the liver. Wash hands carefully after using the toilet and before preparing food; avoid preparing food for other people while unwell. Vaccination can prevent hepatitis A and may be advised after an exposure or for people with ongoing risk. Learn about [Hepatitis A Vaccination](/treatments/preventive-care-and-vaccination/hepatitis-a-vaccination/).

Seek urgent medical help for confusion, unusual sleepiness, repeated vomiting, severe abdominal pain, inability to keep fluids down, or signs of dehydration such as very little urine. Contact a clinician promptly for yellow eyes or skin, dark urine, or worsening symptoms. These features need assessment because liver inflammation and dehydration can become serious even when symptoms began gradually.

Ask whether blood tests are needed, whether your recent contacts should receive vaccination, how long to avoid food preparation or sexual contact, and which medicines are suitable while your liver is recovering.