How does uterine artery embolisation work?

An interventional radiologist guides a thin catheter through an artery, often from the groin or wrist, towards the arteries supplying the uterus. Imaging shows the route and helps position the catheter. Small particles are released into selected branches. They lodge in the vessels feeding fibroids, reducing their blood supply while preserving flow through other vessels. Over time, the fibroids can shrink and the uterus may become less bulky.

The procedure can improve heavy periods, pelvic pressure and pain caused by fibroids. It may also be considered for some cases of adenomyosis. It is different from myomectomy, which removes fibroids directly, and from MRI-guided focused ultrasound, which uses focused energy rather than particles.

Tell the team about medicines, allergies, kidney problems, previous procedures and any possibility of pregnancy. Follow instructions about eating, drinking and medicines before the appointment. Afterward, expect a period of observation, soreness or cramping and tiredness as the uterus responds. Take prescribed pain relief, drink fluids if advised, keep the catheter site clean and avoid strenuous activity until the team gives guidance. Symptoms often improve gradually, so attend follow-up imaging or review when arranged.

Contact the treating team for fever, worsening rather than settling pain, persistent vomiting, increasing bleeding, unusual discharge or redness at the catheter site. Seek urgent help for severe abdominal pain, fainting, chest pain, severe breathlessness or a cold, pale or painful limb after the procedure.

Ask which symptoms are expected, how fertility and future pregnancy may be affected, what alternatives fit your goals, how follow-up will assess the result, and when to return to work or exercise.