What are head lice bugs and what should you do?

Lice crawl; they do not jump or fly. They are usually found close to the scalp, particularly behind the ears and at the nape. Nits are attached to individual hairs and can be confused with dandruff, but dandruff usually flakes away more easily. Itching may develop after the scalp reacts to bites, though some people have little or no itch. Head lice spread mainly through close head-to-head contact, not because hair is dirty.

Confirm the finding with a fine-toothed comb on wet, conditioned hair or ask a clinician to examine the scalp. If live lice are found, follow one suitable treatment's instructions carefully and check close household contacts. Comb methodically, clean the comb between passes, and avoid sharing brushes, hats, scarves, or hair accessories. Do not use insecticide products on the scalp unless they are intended for that purpose and directed for your situation.

Arrange a GP consultation when the diagnosis is uncertain, treatment has not worked as directed, or a young child, pregnant person, or person with sensitive skin needs advice. Seek prompt care for infected scratches, pus, spreading redness, fever, or severe scalp pain. Emergency help is needed for breathing difficulty or facial swelling after a treatment product.

Ask how active lice are confirmed, which treatment is suitable, when the scalp should be rechecked, and how to manage contacts without irritating the skin.