Extreme hay fever: what to know

Hay fever is Allergic Rhinitis: an immune response to airborne triggers such as pollen. It may cause sneezing, an itchy or runny nose, nasal blockage, cough and tiredness from poor sleep. It can occur alongside Allergic Conjunctivitis, which causes itchy, watery or red eyes. Ongoing nasal blockage may contribute to Sinusitis or Chronic Sinusitis, while people with Asthma may notice wheeze or chest tightness when allergies flare. Ear pressure can also occur when nasal swelling affects drainage.

Keep windows closed during high-pollen periods when practical, change clothes after outdoor exposure and rinse your face or shower before bed. Saline nasal rinsing may clear irritants if performed with safe water and clean equipment. A pharmacist or clinician can advise on an antihistamine or nasal spray, including correct technique and suitability for pregnancy, children or other conditions. Use prescribed asthma treatment as directed and keep a note of triggers and response.

Arrange review if symptoms remain troublesome despite appropriate treatment, affect sleep or work, cause repeated sinus or ear problems, or lead to a persistent cough. Seek emergency help for severe breathlessness, blue lips, swelling of the tongue or throat, difficulty speaking in full sentences, or sudden wheezing that does not settle with your prescribed reliever.

Could this be hay fever, an infection or another allergy? Which nasal spray or antihistamine fits my health history? Do my cough or chest symptoms suggest Asthma? How should I use the treatment and when should it be reviewed?