What should you know about bumpy itchy scalp?

Flakes with greasy or irritated skin can occur with dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis. Small tender bumps around hairs may suggest folliculitis. Thick, sharply defined scale that extends beyond the hairline can occur with scalp psoriasis. Head lice cause itching and may leave nits attached firmly to hair near the scalp; they are not the same as loose flakes. A new dye, oil, or styling product can irritate or sensitise the scalp.

Wash according to your usual routine and avoid vigorous scratching or picking. Stop a recently introduced hair product while the skin settles. If flakes are prominent, a medicated shampoo may help when used as directed and left on the scalp for the recommended contact time. If live lice or firmly attached nits are found, use an appropriate head-lice treatment and follow its instructions; close contacts may also need checking. Persistent bumps or hair loss warrant clinical assessment.

Arrange an appointment for painful pustules, spreading redness, thick scale, bleeding from scratching, swollen glands, patchy hair loss, or symptoms that do not improve. Seek prompt care for fever, rapidly worsening swelling, severe pain, or pus. A scalp rash with facial swelling or breathing difficulty needs urgent help.

Are the bumps linked to follicles, scale, lice, or a product reaction? Which medicated shampoo is suitable? Do I need lice treatment or contact checks? How can I protect irritated skin while washing?