What should you know about bright red sputum?

A small streak may appear after forceful coughing irritates the throat or airways. Acute Bronchitis and Pneumonia can cause phlegm with blood alongside cough, fever, chest discomfort, or breathlessness. Bronchiectasis may produce repeated episodes of blood-stained sputum with a long-term productive cough. COPD can also involve persistent mucus and airway irritation. Blood may instead drain from the nose or sinuses and be spat out, including with Chronic Sinusitis. The colour of sputum alone cannot identify the source or severity.

Arrange medical advice for any unexplained blood in sputum, especially when it returns. Note whether the blood is streaked through mucus or appears as more than a trace, and record cough duration, fever, chest pain, breathlessness, smoking history, and medicines. Do not start leftover antibiotics; Antibiotic Treatment is useful only when a clinician identifies a suitable bacterial cause. Keep hydrated if you can, and avoid smoking or vaping while awaiting advice.

Seek emergency help for more than a small amount of blood, bleeding that continues, severe breathlessness, chest pain, blue or grey lips, faintness, confusion, or a very fast heartbeat. Urgent assessment is also needed when coughing blood follows a chest injury or occurs with a high fever and worsening breathing. Do not wait for the symptom to settle if you feel seriously unwell.

Could the blood be from my nose, throat, or lungs? Do I need a chest examination or imaging? Could my medicines or an existing lung condition contribute? What amount or symptom should prompt emergency help?