How to treat allergic rhinitis

Saline can clear mucus and allergens. Antihistamines often target sneezing, itching and a runny nose, while corticosteroid nasal sprays address nasal inflammation and congestion. The safest choice depends on age, pregnancy, other conditions and current medicines.

Occasional symptoms linked to a known exposure may need a different plan from daily congestion or symptoms that interfere with sleep. Eye itching and watering may need eye-focused treatment, while cough, wheeze or chest tightness should prompt assessment for asthma rather than repeated changes to nasal medicine alone.

Decongestant nasal sprays can cause rebound blockage when used longer than directed. Oral decongestants are unsuitable for some people, including those with certain heart, blood pressure, prostate or eye conditions, so check before taking them.

Identify triggers from the timing and location of symptoms. Keep windows closed during dusty or high-pollen conditions when feasible, change clothes after outdoor exposure, and reduce dust accumulation in sleeping areas if dust mites are suspected. Avoid tobacco smoke and strong fragrances that irritate an already inflamed nose.

For a nasal spray, gently clear the nose, keep the head level, aim the nozzle outward away from the central septum, and breathe in gently. Hard sniffing can pull medicine into the throat. Follow the product directions and give preventive treatment the recommended time to work.

Consult a clinician if the diagnosis is unclear, symptoms persist despite correct treatment, sleep or daily function is affected, or recurrent sinus or ear problems develop. Unilateral blockage, repeated nosebleeds, facial swelling, severe facial pain or a reduced sense of smell also needs assessment.

Seek urgent help for marked breathing difficulty, rapidly worsening wheeze, fainting, or swelling of the mouth, tongue or throat. These signs require immediate care rather than another dose of nasal treatment.

Ask which symptoms each medicine should improve, how long to try it before reviewing the plan, and whether your spray technique is correct. Tell the clinician about drowsiness, nosebleeds, pregnancy, asthma symptoms and every over-the-counter product you use.