What is adenomyosis?

The misplaced lining-like tissue responds to menstrual-cycle hormones while surrounded by uterine muscle. This can contribute to inflammation, tenderness, and thickening of the muscle. Some people have no noticeable symptoms; others experience cramping that is stronger than their usual period pain, a feeling of pelvic pressure, discomfort during sex, or prolonged or heavy bleeding.

These symptoms also occur with fibroids, endometriosis, and other gynaecological conditions. Adenomyosis commonly presents with painful or heavy periods, but having either symptom does not establish the diagnosis. A clinician considers the pattern, performs an examination when appropriate, and may request ultrasound or other imaging.

Record bleeding days, pain location, pain intensity, medicines used, and any effect on work, sleep, exercise, or sex. Bring the record to an appointment, along with information about pregnancy plans and other health conditions. This helps the clinician distinguish cycle-linked symptoms from pain that may need a different assessment.

Care can range from monitoring mild symptoms to pain medicines, treatment that reduces menstrual bleeding, hormonal options, or procedures. The right choice depends on symptom burden, contraceptive needs, plans to carry a pregnancy, and whether another pelvic condition is present. Hysterectomy removes the uterus and is the definitive surgical option, but less invasive choices may be considered first.

Book a medical review when period pain is new, worsening, or interfering with normal activities, or when bleeding is heavier or longer than your usual pattern. Obtain urgent help if severe pelvic pain starts suddenly, you faint or feel close to fainting, you become short of breath, or bleeding rapidly soaks through period products. Pain or bleeding during a possible pregnancy requires prompt assessment.

Ask what else could explain the symptom pattern, what the examination or scan showed, and whether treatment can begin without further tests. Clarify how each option may change periods, side effects to watch for, whether it provides contraception, and how it fits with future pregnancy plans.