Why does migraine cause headache?

Headache is a very common presentation of Migraine. During an attack, changes in brain signalling can sensitise the trigeminal nerve, a major pain pathway for the face and head. Pain signals may then feel throbbing, one-sided or widespread, and ordinary activity can make them more noticeable.

The same heightened sensitivity can explain why some people also notice nausea, sound sensitivity, light sensitivity, visual changes or difficulty concentrating. Migraine patterns differ between people and between attacks, so a headache can change in location, intensity and accompanying symptoms.

At the first sign of a familiar attack, move to a quiet, dim room if possible and reduce screen glare, strong smells and physical exertion. Sip fluids if you can tolerate them, and try a cool compress or gentle rest. Use any migraine medicine exactly as agreed with your clinician or pharmacist; taking it early may be part of your personal plan.

A brief diary can help identify a pattern. Note sleep changes, meals, stress, menstrual timing, caffeine changes, symptoms and what eased the attack. This record gives a clinician useful detail when treatment needs adjusting.

Seek urgent medical assessment for a sudden, severe headache that reaches maximum intensity quickly, or a headache after a head injury. Get urgent help if headache occurs with fainting, confusion, new weakness, difficulty speaking, seizure, fever with a stiff neck, loss of vision, or a new neurological symptom.

Arrange a clinical review when headaches are new, are changing substantially, repeatedly disrupt daily life, or medicines are needed often. A clinician can check whether the pattern fits migraine and discuss prevention as well as attack treatment.

Ask whether your headache pattern fits migraine, which warning symptoms need urgent assessment, and when to take your prescribed treatment. You can also ask how to avoid medication-overuse headache and whether a preventive option suits the frequency and impact of your attacks.