Which specialist treats brain metastases?

Brain metastases are cancer deposits that began elsewhere and reached the brain. The medical oncologist considers treatment for the original cancer and the cancer throughout the body. A radiation oncologist assesses focused treatment such as stereotactic radiosurgery or treatment to broader areas with whole brain radiotherapy. A neurosurgeon considers brain tumour surgery when a lesion can be safely removed or when tissue is needed. A neuroradiologist reviews brain imaging, and supportive specialists may help with swelling, seizures, movement or thinking changes. Lung cancer and melanoma are among cancers that can spread to the brain, but the treatment plan depends on the individual diagnosis and scan findings.

Ask the doctor managing the original cancer for referral to a centre with neuro-oncology or multidisciplinary cancer expertise. Bring recent scans, pathology reports and a complete medicine list, including anti-seizure or steroid medicines. Ask whether the brain findings need tissue confirmation, how many areas are present, whether there is swelling, and which specialist will coordinate decisions. Do not stop steroids or anti-seizure medicines suddenly unless the treating team tells you to.

Seek emergency care for a first-time seizure, sudden weakness, new difficulty speaking, confusion, loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting or a rapidly worsening headache. A persistent headache or new neurological change needs prompt medical assessment, especially with a known cancer diagnosis. Do not drive after a seizure; follow local emergency advice and keep the person safe from injury while help is arranged.

Ask whether the brain lesions are causing swelling, whether surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery is appropriate, and how treatment for the original cancer fits with brain-directed care. Clarify the goals of each option, possible effects on memory or movement, medicine changes, follow-up scans and the symptoms that should trigger an urgent call.