What to know about type 2 diabetes in older adults

Type 2 diabetes changes how the body uses glucose and can gradually affect blood vessels, nerves, kidneys, eyes and the heart. Older adults may also notice that illness, reduced appetite, memory problems, limited mobility or several medicines make daily management harder. Low blood glucose can cause sweating, shaking, dizziness, confusion or unusual behaviour, while high glucose may cause thirst and frequent urination. Symptoms can be subtle, so scheduled reviews matter.

Take medicines exactly as prescribed and keep a current list of every medicine, including non-prescription products. Check glucose as advised and record unusual readings or symptoms. Eat regular nourishing meals, drink enough fluid unless a clinician has set a fluid limit, and choose activity that matches your balance and strength. Check feet for blisters, cracks or colour changes, and arrange eye, kidney, blood pressure and foot reviews. Ask for help with devices if vision, hearing or dexterity makes testing difficult.

Get urgent help for severe confusion, fainting, seizures, difficult breathing, persistent vomiting or inability to keep fluids down. Seek prompt advice for repeated low or high glucose readings, a new foot wound, spreading redness, fever or sudden weakness. During an infection or reduced appetite, contact the diabetes team about medicines and monitoring rather than making major changes alone. A family member or carer should know the warning signs and how to get help.

What glucose range is appropriate for me? Which symptoms suggest low glucose? Can my medicines affect balance, appetite or memory? What support is available for meals, foot care, testing and exercise?