What to expect from colposcopy for vulval cancer

When vulval cancer is being investigated, the clinician examines the skin around the vulva for changes such as a persistent sore, thickened patch, lump, colour change or area that bleeds. A magnifying instrument may be used to inspect the surface closely. The clinician may apply a solution to make abnormal-looking areas easier to identify. Unlike cervical colposcopy, this assessment focuses on the external vulval skin rather than placing a scope inside the body.

A biopsy is often needed to determine what a lesion is. Local anaesthetic numbs the area before a small tissue sample is taken. You may feel pressure, but tell the clinician if you feel pain. The sample is sent for laboratory assessment, and the appearance alone cannot provide the full diagnosis.

Wear loose clothing and tell the team about allergies, pregnancy, bleeding problems and medicines that affect clotting. Ask how to keep the biopsy site clean and whether you need a dressing. Soreness, slight bleeding or sensitivity may occur while the area heals. Follow instructions about washing, sexual activity, swimming and exercise. Do not delay follow-up while waiting for symptoms to change; the result determines whether further assessment or treatment is needed.

Call the clinic if bleeding continues, the wound opens, pain increases rather than improves, or the area becomes red, swollen or produces unpleasant-smelling discharge. Fever or feeling generally unwell can signal infection and needs medical advice. Seek urgent help for uncontrolled bleeding, fainting or severe pain.

Ask which area will be examined, whether a biopsy is planned, how local anaesthetic and wound care work, when the pathology result will be ready, and who will discuss the next step.