What happens if inguinal hernia is not treated?

An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue pushes through a weak area in the groin. It may appear as a bulge that is more noticeable when standing, coughing or lifting, and may ease when lying down. Some hernias cause little discomfort at first, but the opening can enlarge and make the bulge harder to push back. Aching or abdominal pain may develop, and a large hernia can interfere with movement or daily activity.

A hernia can become incarcerated, meaning it is stuck outside the abdominal wall. If its blood supply becomes squeezed, it is strangulated. Bowel trapped in the hernia may also cause vomiting, swelling and inability to pass stool or gas. These complications need emergency treatment.

Book a GP Consultation for a new groin lump, increasing discomfort or a bulge that no longer reduces when you lie down. Examination is often enough to identify a hernia; an Abdominal Ultrasound may be used when the diagnosis is uncertain or the lump is difficult to examine. Until reviewed, avoid activities that clearly worsen pain, treat constipation, and ask how to lift safely. A clinician can discuss observation or surgical repair based on symptoms and examination.

Go to emergency care for sudden severe groin or abdominal pain, a firm tender bulge that cannot be pushed back, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen, inability to pass stool or gas, fever, faintness or testicular pain with a groin swelling. These signs can indicate trapped tissue or another urgent condition.

Ask whether the hernia can be monitored, what makes repair advisable, which activities are safe, and which changes mean you should attend emergency care. Ask whether imaging is needed and how to prepare if surgery is recommended.