What happens if head lice is not treated?

Head lice live on the scalp and feed on blood. As the infestation continues, itching may become more persistent and can be worse at night. Scratching may cause small sores, crusting, or irritation; broken skin can become infected. Eggs attached to hair shafts can hatch and maintain the infestation, so finding nits alone does not show whether live lice are still present.

Head lice do not jump or fly, but they can move through close head-to-head contact and shared items that touch the hair. An itchy scalp has other possible causes, so confirmation is useful before applying treatment.

Check the scalp and hair under good light, concentrating behind the ears and near the nape. Use a treatment recommended by a pharmacist or clinician and follow its instructions, including any repeat application. Check close contacts and avoid sharing combs, brushes, hats, or pillows until advice is clear. A GP consultation can help when the diagnosis or treatment choice is uncertain.

Arrange care if scratching has caused sores, pus, spreading redness, or increasing tenderness, or if live lice remain after correctly following treatment instructions. Seek advice for a very young child, pregnancy, scalp disease, or an allergy to a proposed product. A clinician should review persistent symptoms when no live lice can be found.

Ask how to confirm live lice, which treatment is suitable for your age and health, when it should be repeated, and how to check household contacts. Ask how to manage irritated skin and when continued itching needs a new diagnosis.