What happens if genital herpes is not treated?

Genital herpes is caused by a herpes simplex virus. An outbreak can produce clusters of blisters or open sores, burning, itching and vulval pain. Urine passing over irritated skin may sting. After the skin settles, the virus remains in the body and symptoms may return, although the timing and pattern differ between people.

A person can pass the infection through intimate skin-to-skin contact, including when visible sores are not present. Avoiding sexual contact during symptoms and discussing safer sex with partners can reduce transmission risk, but does not remove it. A diagnosis also makes it easier to consider other sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy-related advice where relevant.

Book a GP consultation promptly if you have new genital blisters, sores, unexplained vulval pain or painful urination. Testing is most useful when a fresh sore is present, and a clinician can explain which tests are appropriate. STI screening may be offered according to your symptoms and sexual health history.

Antiviral medicine can shorten or ease some outbreaks when started early; longer-term treatment may be considered when episodes are frequent or transmission concerns are significant. Keep the area clean and dry, wear loose clothing, and avoid sexual contact until sores have healed and you have discussed the situation with a clinician.

Seek urgent care if you cannot pass urine, have severe pain, rapidly worsening sores, a high fever, or feel very unwell. Arrange prompt assessment during pregnancy or if you have a weakened immune system, because the advice and follow-up may need to be adapted.

Ask whether the sores need testing, when treatment should start, how to protect a partner, whether other STI screening is appropriate, and what to do if outbreaks return.