What causes testicular pain?

A knock or strain can cause soreness and swelling. Infections affecting the epididymis or testicle may cause pain with warmth, swelling, fever, burning when passing urine, or discharge; sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be involved. Mumps can also inflame the testicles.

An inguinal hernia may cause groin or scrotal discomfort, often worse with coughing, lifting, or standing. Sudden severe pain, especially with nausea, vomiting, a high-riding testicle, or rapid swelling, can indicate testicular torsion. This is an emergency because blood flow can be interrupted.

For mild pain after a clear minor knock, rest, support the scrotum, and use a wrapped cold pack briefly. Do not self-treat unexplained pain with leftover antibiotics. A clinician may examine the scrotum, check urine or sexual-health tests, and arrange imaging when needed.

Go to emergency care immediately for sudden or severe testicular pain, pain with nausea or vomiting, or rapid swelling. Seek prompt review for fever, urinary symptoms, discharge, a new lump, persistent pain, or discomfort after an injury, even if symptoms improve.

Ask whether the pain pattern suggests infection, hernia, injury, or torsion, and whether urine, sexual-health testing, or an ultrasound is appropriate. Tell the clinician when the pain began and whether it is sudden, one-sided, or linked to activity.