What causes hypoglycaemia?

People with Type 1 Diabetes or Type 2 Diabetes may experience hypoglycaemia after insulin or certain glucose-lowering medicines, particularly if a meal is delayed, food intake is smaller than expected, or activity is more strenuous than usual. Alcohol can also make low blood sugar more likely, especially when consumed without food.

Symptoms may include sweating, shaking, hunger, fast heartbeat, dizziness, irritability, blurred vision or difficulty concentrating. Severe hypoglycaemia can affect awareness and cause a seizure or loss of consciousness. Similar symptoms can have other causes, so checking blood sugar when possible helps clarify what is happening.

If you are awake and able to swallow, follow your diabetes plan for treating a low reading, usually with a quick source of sugar, then recheck as advised and eat a meal or snack if needed. Keep an emergency sugar source available and tell people close to you what to do.

Do not give food or drink to someone who is drowsy, having a seizure or unable to swallow. Diabetes medicine should be reviewed by a clinician when episodes recur; do not change doses on your own.

Call emergency services if someone with suspected hypoglycaemia is unconscious, having a seizure, severely confused or cannot swallow safely. Seek prompt medical advice for repeated episodes, lows at night, or symptoms without a clear explanation.

Ask which medicines can cause lows, how to adjust food and activity around treatment, and whether you need a written rescue plan. Discuss driving, alcohol and what family members should do if you become confused.