What are the treatment options for osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis changes the cartilage and other tissues around a joint, so pain, stiffness and reduced movement can vary from day to day. The affected joint, examination findings, other health conditions and daily goals shape the plan. [Physiotherapy](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/physiotherapy/) can improve movement and function, while [Exercise Therapy](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/exercise-therapy/) builds strength around the joint.

Regular, suitable movement is usually the foundation. A clinician may suggest pacing, muscle strengthening and low-impact activity. [Weight Management for Joint Pain](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/weight-management-for-joint-pain/) may reduce load on weight-bearing joints. [Anti-Inflammatory Medication](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/anti-inflammatory-medication/) may help some people but needs a safety check. [Cortisone Injection](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/cortisone-injection/) can be discussed for a painful flare, while [Hyaluronic Acid Injection](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/hyaluronic-acid-injection/) may be considered in selected cases. Persistent loss of function may prompt a surgical opinion.

Seek assessment when pain, stiffness or reduced movement interferes with sleep, work or walking. Get prompt medical advice for a hot, very swollen joint, fever, sudden inability to use the limb or severe pain after an injury, because these features need assessment beyond routine osteoarthritis care.

Ask which exercises suit your joint, whether a medicine is safe with your conditions, what an injection might achieve, and what changes would make a surgical referral reasonable.