What are the symptoms of bunions?

The big toe may angle towards the neighbouring toes while the joint at its base becomes more prominent. The bump can rub against footwear, causing tenderness, redness, thickened skin, or a sore area. Foot pain may worsen during walking or after wearing narrow shoes. The big toe may become less flexible, and nearby toes can feel crowded or develop rubbing points. Some people have a visible bunion without pain, while others notice symptoms mainly in shoes. A change in the shape of the foot does not by itself show how advanced the problem is.

Choose shoes with enough room for the toes and avoid pairs that press directly on the bump. A soft protective pad may reduce rubbing, provided it does not make the shoe tighter. Resting after activities that provoke pain and using simple foot-care measures can help comfort. A clinician may discuss custom orthotics, anti-inflammatory medication, or exercises for mobility when appropriate. These measures can ease symptoms but may not change the underlying alignment. Bunion surgery is considered when pain and function remain troublesome despite suitable non-surgical care.

Arrange an assessment if foot or toe pain limits walking, footwear choices, work, or sleep, or if the bump is changing noticeably. Seek prompt care for a suddenly hot, very red, severely painful joint, an open sore, drainage, or signs of infection. People with diabetes, reduced sensation, or poor circulation should seek advice early when skin breaks down. A foot examination can identify pressure points and distinguish a bunion from other causes of toe pain.

Would wider footwear or custom orthotics reduce pressure? Is my big toe movement restricted? What can help nearby toe pain? When would bunion surgery be appropriate for my symptoms?