What are the symptoms of adenomyosis?

Adenomyosis develops when tissue similar to the womb lining is found within the muscular wall of the uterus. The uterus may become enlarged or tender. Painful periods can feel cramping, aching or sharp and may become more difficult to manage over time.

Heavy bleeding may involve changing protection often, bleeding through clothes or bedding, passing clots, or periods that last longer than expected. Pelvic pain may continue between periods, and deep pain during sex can occur. Blood loss may leave you tired, breathless or light-headed if anaemia develops. Some people have adenomyosis without noticeable symptoms.

Record bleeding days, pain intensity, clots, pain during sex and effects on daily activities. Arrange a gynaecology assessment if symptoms persist or disrupt life. Examination and imaging can help assess the uterus and distinguish adenomyosis from other causes of heavy or painful bleeding.

Treatment is matched to symptoms, pregnancy plans and medical history. Options may include pain relief, tranexamic acid for heavy bleeding, hormonal treatment such as a hormonal coil, or procedures and surgery when appropriate. Discuss medicines before using them if you are pregnant, trying to conceive or taking other treatments.

Seek urgent help for bleeding that rapidly soaks pads, fainting, severe or sudden pelvic pain, fever, or weakness with shortness of breath. Arrange prompt review for bleeding after menopause, bleeding between periods, or pain during sex that is new or worsening.

Ask whether your symptoms could be adenomyosis or another condition, whether you may have anaemia, which imaging is appropriate, and how treatment choices would fit your plans for contraception, fertility or pregnancy.