What are the symptoms of acne?

Acne develops when hair follicles become blocked with oil and dead skin cells, with inflammation adding redness and tenderness. Non-inflammatory lesions include open blackheads and closed whiteheads. Inflamed acne can appear as small red papules or pus-filled pustules. Larger, deeper nodules or cyst-like lumps may feel painful and can increase the chance of scarring. It commonly affects the face, but the chest, shoulders, and back can also be involved. Dark or red marks may remain after a spot settles, even when the active acne has improved.

Cleanse gently and avoid scrubbing, picking, or squeezing, which can worsen inflammation and marks. Choose products labelled non-comedogenic when possible, and remove makeup before sleep. Mild acne may respond to a clinician-recommended topical treatment such as benzoyl peroxide. Persistent, painful, widespread, or scarring acne may need a tailored plan that could include prescription medicines, oral treatment, a chemical peel, LED light therapy, or a supervised extraction facial. Treatment choices depend on lesion type, skin sensitivity, and pregnancy status.

See a clinician if spots are painful, deep, spreading, leaving scars, or affecting sleep, confidence, or daily activities. Seek prompt help for a rapidly worsening tender swelling, fever, or redness spreading beyond the spots. A sudden acne-like eruption after starting a medicine also warrants review. Early treatment can limit inflammation and reduce the chance of lasting scars.

Which type of acne do I have? Is my routine irritating or blocking my pores? How long should I try a treatment before review? What is the safest option if I am pregnant or planning pregnancy?