What are the risk factors for sepsis?

Sepsis is a dangerous response to an infection that can affect organs and blood flow. Risk is higher in babies, older adults and people whose immune systems are weakened by illness or treatment. Diabetes, kidney or liver disease, lung disease and other long-term conditions can reduce the body's ability to cope with infection. Recent surgery, serious injury, invasive tubes or a hospital stay can provide routes for germs to enter or can make infection harder to control. Common starting points include the lungs, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues. Pneumonia, urinary tract infection and cellulitis are examples of infections that can sometimes lead to sepsis. Having one of these factors does not mean sepsis will occur.

Treat infections as advised and complete prescribed medicines unless a clinician tells you to change them. Keep wounds clean, monitor surgical sites and ask promptly about spreading redness, discharge or fever. People with diabetes or other chronic illness should follow their sick-day plan and seek advice when an infection is worsening. Tell healthcare staff about immune-suppressing treatment, recent procedures and any devices such as urinary catheters. Do not wait for a high temperature if you feel suddenly much more unwell.

Get emergency help for suspected sepsis when an infection is accompanied by confusion, severe breathlessness, blue or mottled skin, faintness, very little urine, a fast worsening illness or difficulty staying awake. In a baby or child, urgent warning signs include unusual sleepiness, poor feeding, a change in breathing or skin colour, or a seizure. State that an infection may be present and mention recent surgery, immune treatment or chronic illness.

Which symptoms would make my current infection an emergency? Does my condition or treatment weaken my infection defences? How should I monitor myself at home?