Ways to relieve a stuffy nose

Nasal congestion happens when the lining inside the nose swells or produces extra mucus. A common cold may cause short-lived blockage, while allergic rhinitis can bring sneezing, itching and watery discharge. Sinusitis may add facial pressure or thick mucus. Dust-mite allergy can cause symptoms in bedrooms, and night-time obstruction may occur with obstructive sleep apnoea. A blocked nose itself does not identify one condition.

Rinse or spray the nose with sterile saline, following the product directions, and drink enough fluid to keep mucus less sticky. Breathing moist air may feel soothing; avoid very hot steam that could burn you. Rest with your head slightly raised, keep smoke and strong scents away, and wash hands if a cold is suspected. Allergy medication may help when congestion follows an allergy, but check suitability with a pharmacist, especially during pregnancy or for a child. Do not use decongestant sprays for longer than the label allows, because overuse can worsen blockage.

Arrange medical advice if blockage keeps returning, lasts beyond a reasonable recovery period, affects sleep, or comes with facial pain, fever, or reduced sense of smell. Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling around the eyes, confusion, a severe headache, or a nose injury with heavy bleeding. A clinician can examine the nose and choose treatment based on the pattern.

Could allergies, sinusitis, or another cause explain my pattern? Which saline or allergy treatment suits me? How long should I use a nasal spray, and what symptoms would mean I need review?