Types of NSCLC lung cancer

Adenocarcinoma develops from gland-forming cells and can occur in different parts of the lung. Squamous cell carcinoma begins in cells lining the airways. Large-cell and other less common forms are grouped as NSCLC when the tumour does not fit the more specific patterns. A pathologist examines tissue from a biopsy to classify the cells.

Doctors may also look for molecular changes in the tumour. Genomic Tumour Profiling can identify features that make targeted medicines or immunotherapy relevant. The location, size, spread and overall health also affect the treatment plan. Lung cancer can spread beyond the chest, including to the brain, so staging tests are used to map its extent.

Your care team may arrange a biopsy, scans and molecular testing before recommending treatment. Options can include surgery such as Lung Lobectomy, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy or another systemic treatment. The choice depends on the subtype and stage rather than the label alone. Keep copies of pathology and scan reports, and ask which results are still pending.

Arrange medical assessment for a persistent cough, coughing blood, chest pain, breathlessness or a Hoarse Voice, especially when symptoms are new or worsening. Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, blue lips, confusion, sudden weakness or a seizure. New severe headache or changes in vision also need prompt assessment because they can occur when cancer affects the brain.

Ask which NSCLC subtype the biopsy shows, whether the sample was large enough for molecular testing, what the stage is, and which treatments match those findings. You can also ask how treatment may affect breathing, whether a second pathology opinion would help, and when results will be reviewed.