Types of Meniere's disease: what to know

Meniere's disease is linked to changes in fluid pressure within the inner ear. Clinicians may describe it as unilateral when one ear is involved or bilateral when both ears are affected. Some people have a pattern dominated by vertigo, while others notice fluctuating hearing loss, ringing in the ears or a feeling of fullness. Attacks can come in episodes, with balance and hearing sometimes settling between them. Symptoms overlap with other inner-ear and neurological problems, so the label cannot be confirmed from dizziness alone.

Keep a record of attack timing, spinning sensation, hearing changes, ringing, ear fullness, triggers and recovery. A GP consultation can check medicines, migraine history, ear symptoms and neurological signs, then arrange appropriate assessment. A hearing test documents each ear separately and can show whether hearing changes fluctuate. During an episode, sit or lie somewhere safe, avoid driving and ask someone to stay nearby if balance is poor.

Arrange prompt medical assessment for new or worsening vertigo, sudden hearing loss, severe headache, weakness, facial drooping, trouble speaking or inability to walk safely. Seek emergency help for fainting, chest pain or repeated vomiting with signs of dehydration. Sudden neurological symptoms should not be assumed to be Meniere's disease.

Ask whether one or both ears appear involved, what a hearing test can show, which symptoms suggest another cause, and how to stay safe during an attack.