Types of chronic kidney disease

Clinicians consider whether kidney changes are linked with Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, inflammation, inherited conditions or another cause. They also use blood tests to estimate filtering function and urine tests to look for protein or blood. Results are interpreted over time because one abnormal test does not by itself explain the whole picture.

Some people have few symptoms in the earlier stages. As kidney function changes, fluid balance, salt levels, red blood cell production and acid balance may be affected. Fatigue, excessive thirst, ankle swelling, changes in urination or itching can have many causes and do not identify a kidney disease on their own.

Attend planned blood and urine checks, take prescribed treatment, and keep a record of blood pressure and medicines. Your clinician may review salt intake, fluid advice, painkillers, diabetes control and medicines that are cleared by the kidneys.

Do not start supplements or stop treatment without advice. Tell a pharmacist or clinician that you have kidney disease before taking a new medicine. A care plan may also address anaemia, gout or restless legs when these are connected with reduced kidney function.

Seek urgent assessment for severe breathlessness, chest pain, confusion, fainting, very little urine, rapidly worsening swelling or persistent vomiting. These can reflect a serious change in fluid balance or another urgent illness.

Contact your kidney or primary-care team promptly if swelling increases, urine changes markedly, you become unusually weak, or you cannot keep fluids or medicines down. Bring your medicine list and recent readings if you attend.

Ask what caused your kidney changes, how your blood and urine results are being followed, which medicines require adjustment, and what symptoms should prompt a call. Ask for practical advice about salt, fluids, exercise and sick-day medicines.