True anaphylaxis: recognising an emergency

Warning signs may include swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat; wheezing or noisy breathing; difficulty breathing; widespread hives; flushing; vomiting; severe abdominal pain; dizziness; or collapse. The reaction may begin soon after a food, medicine, insect sting, or other trigger, but the exact timing and symptoms vary. A person can have anaphylaxis without a skin rash. Wheezing is especially concerning when it starts suddenly with other allergic symptoms.

Use the person’s prescribed adrenaline auto-injector promptly if anaphylaxis is suspected, following its instructions. Call emergency services, state that anaphylaxis is suspected, and do not leave the person alone. Help them lie down with legs raised unless breathing is easier sitting up; a person who is vomiting should lie on their side. Do not give food or drink. If symptoms do not improve or return and a second prescribed device is available, follow the emergency plan while waiting for responders.

Any sudden breathing difficulty, throat or tongue swelling, faintness, confusion, or collapse after possible allergen exposure needs emergency care immediately. Even when symptoms settle after adrenaline, hospital assessment is needed because symptoms can return. After recovery, arrange allergy assessment to identify triggers and create a written emergency plan.

What triggers should I avoid? Should I carry one or more adrenaline devices? How should family, school, or work colleagues respond if symptoms start? Would allergy testing help clarify the cause?