Treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis

Familial adenomatous polyposis, or FAP, is an inherited condition in which many adenomatous polyps can develop in the bowel. Polyps may be found before cancer, but they can change over time. The care plan therefore looks beyond a single procedure and includes bowel, upper digestive tract and other health checks selected by the specialist team.

[Colonoscopy](/treatments/cancer-screening/colonoscopy/) allows the bowel lining to be examined and polyps to be sampled or removed. [Genetic Counselling](/treatments/risk-reduction-and-prevention/genetic-counselling/) explains inheritance, testing and implications for relatives.

Keep every surveillance appointment and tell the team about bleeding, persistent changes in bowel habit, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain or symptoms of anaemia. Share relevant family history and ask which relatives should be offered assessment. Do not stop prescribed medicines or screening because you feel well.

When polyp burden cannot be managed safely with surveillance, the team may discuss [Bowel Resection](/treatments/surgical-oncology/colectomy/). The type and timing of surgery depend on polyp distribution, bowel function, overall health and personal preferences. Ask about preparation, recovery, bowel frequency and the possibility of further monitoring after surgery.

Seek prompt advice for blood in the stool, black stool, persistent vomiting, worsening abdominal swelling, severe abdominal pain, dizziness or marked weakness. Emergency care is needed for heavy bleeding, fainting, severe pain with vomiting or signs of bowel blockage such as inability to pass stool or gas.

Ask how often your bowel and upper digestive tract need assessment, which symptoms should trigger an earlier visit, and whether genetic testing is appropriate for relatives. If surgery is discussed, ask what it removes, how bowel function may change, and what surveillance continues afterward. You can also ask how FAP relates to [Bowel Cancer](/conditions/colorectal-cancer/).