Things to help with a stuffy nose

Congestion happens when the lining inside the nose swells or mucus builds up. A common cold may bring cough, sore throat, or fever; allergic rhinitis often causes sneezing, itching, and watery eyes. Facial pressure, reduced smell, or thick discharge can occur with sinusitis. Night-time blockage with loud snoring or pauses in breathing deserves a different assessment.

Use a sterile saline spray or rinse as directed, and clean any reusable device carefully. Drink enough fluid, rest, and try warm shower moisture if it feels comfortable. Avoid smoke, strong fragrances, and known allergens; wash bedding regularly if house dust mites are a trigger. A pharmacist can advise on allergy medication or other treatments. Use decongestant sprays only as directed and for the recommended short period, because overuse can worsen blockage. Check suitability if you are pregnant, have high blood pressure, or take other medicines.

Get urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling of the lips or tongue, confusion, or a rapidly worsening allergic reaction. Arrange medical review for severe facial pain, swelling around an eye, persistent high fever, repeated nosebleeds, one-sided blockage, or symptoms that continue beyond an expected cold. Seek assessment if blocked breathing disrupts sleep or someone notices pauses in your breathing.

Does the pattern fit a cold, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, or another cause? Which saline, allergy, or nasal treatment is suitable for me? How long should I use it, and what signs would mean I need a review?