What should you know about things for constipation?

Constipation often improves with gradual fibre, adequate fluids, regular movement and a toilet routine, but persistent or alarming symptoms need assessment. Hard stools, straining, bloating or incomplete emptying can happen when bowel movement slows or stool becomes too dry.

Common contributors include a low-fibre diet, not drinking enough, reduced activity, ignoring the urge to open your bowels and changes in routine. Some medicines can slow the bowel. Constipation may occur alongside irritable bowel syndrome or diverticular disease, while an underactive thyroid can also slow body processes. The symptom does not by itself show which cause is present.

Increase fibre gradually through vegetables, fruit, beans and whole grains so your bowel has time to adjust. Drink regularly unless a clinician has told you to restrict fluids. Walking and other comfortable activity can support bowel movement. Try sitting on the toilet after a meal, allow time, and use a footstool if it helps your knees sit above your hips. A pharmacist can explain whether a short course of a laxative is appropriate, particularly if you take other medicines or have a medical condition.

Seek prompt medical advice for constipation that persists, keeps returning, or begins with a marked change in bowel habit. Get urgent help for severe or worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen, inability to pass stool or gas, black stools, or visible blood. These features can signal a problem needing examination rather than home treatment. Do not keep adding laxatives when pain, vomiting or blockage symptoms are present.

Could a medicine, thyroid problem or bowel condition be contributing? How much fibre and fluid is suitable for me? Which laxative, if any, fits my symptoms and medicines? What change in bowel habit should I report?