What should you know about synovitis and bursitis?

Synovitis occurs inside a joint and may limit movement across the whole joint. Bursitis affects a fluid-filled sac that reduces rubbing near areas such as the shoulder, elbow, hip, or knee. Repeated pressure, a sudden injury, inflammatory arthritis, crystals, or infection can irritate either structure. Joint swelling is a symptom that may accompany synovitis, but swelling over a bursa can sit more superficially.

Assessment focuses on the exact location, tenderness, range of motion, skin changes, recent activity, and general symptoms. A clinician may use imaging or sample fluid when infection or crystal disease is a concern.

Temporarily avoid the pressure or repeated movement that aggravates the area. Support comfortable movement, use a wrapped cold pack for short periods, and follow medication advice based on your health history. Anti-inflammatory medication may be considered, while a cortisone injection is reserved for selected situations. Joint aspiration can both relieve pressure and provide fluid for testing when appropriate.

Get prompt care for a suddenly hot, red, very painful swelling, fever, chills, drainage, feeling markedly unwell, or rapidly worsening movement. An infected joint or bursa can require urgent treatment. Arrange a routine review if symptoms continue, recur, or interfere with sleep, work, or walking.

Ask which structure is inflamed, what caused it, whether fluid testing is needed, which exercises are suitable, and when you can safely resume normal activity.