What should you know about spots of hair loss?

A smooth, sharply defined patch may fit alopecia areata, while scale, broken hairs, crusting, itch, or swollen glands can point toward scalp ringworm or another scalp problem. Hair loss along areas repeatedly pulled by tight styles may reflect traction. Widening part lines or gradual thinning can fit pattern hair loss, whereas diffuse shedding may follow an illness, major stress, or another body change. These patterns can overlap, and looking at the scalp is more informative than judging the amount of hair in a brush.

Note when the patch appeared, whether it is enlarging, and whether eyebrow or eyelash hair is changing too. Bring a list of medicines, recent illnesses, diet changes, hairstyles, and chemical treatments to an appointment.

Handle hair gently, avoid tight braids, extensions, heat, and harsh chemical processing, and do not scratch or pick the scalp. Do not share brushes, hats, pillows, or towels if there is scale or suspected infection. A clinician may examine the scalp and hairs and decide whether tests or prescription treatment are needed. Learn more about [Hair Loss](/symptoms/hair-loss/) and [Alopecia Areata](/conditions/alopecia-areata/).

Arrange an assessment soon for a new patch, rapid enlargement, scalp pain, intense itch, scale, pus, crusting, or broken hairs. Seek prompt care for fever, facial swelling, or a very inflamed scalp. Earlier review is useful when hair loss affects eyebrows or eyelashes, leaves shiny skin, or follows a tight hairstyle, because the cause may need targeted treatment.

What pattern does the patch show, and does the scalp need testing? Could this relate to infection, immune activity, tension, shedding, or inherited thinning? Should I change my hairstyle or hair products now? Which treatments are appropriate, and how will progress be monitored?