What should you know about slow anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction affecting breathing, circulation, the skin, or the digestive system. It may begin gradually or with symptoms in more than one body system. Early signs can include itching, hives, flushing, swelling of the lips or tongue, throat tightness, cough, wheezing, hoarse voice, abdominal cramps, vomiting, dizziness, or sudden weakness. Food allergy is one possible trigger, alongside medicines, insect stings, or other exposures. The absence of a dramatic collapse does not make a developing reaction safe to watch at home.

Use an adrenaline auto-injector immediately if it has been prescribed for the person and anaphylaxis is suspected. Call emergency services, say that anaphylaxis is possible, and follow the dispatcher’s instructions. Lay the person down with legs raised if comfortable; allow them to sit if breathing is difficult, and do not let them stand or walk. A second prescribed injector may be needed if symptoms continue or return, according to the emergency plan. Do not rely on antihistamines alone for breathing or circulation symptoms.

Seek emergency care at once for throat or tongue swelling, trouble breathing, wheezing, faintness, confusion, widespread hives with vomiting, or rapidly worsening symptoms after a possible allergen. Symptoms can return after initial improvement, so medical observation is needed even when the person feels better.

Ask how to recognise your earliest warning signs, when to use each injector, how to practise the device, and whether allergy testing or a written emergency plan is appropriate.