What should you know about skincare for closed comedones?

Closed comedones are small, flesh-coloured or pale bumps formed when oil and dead skin cells block a pore beneath an intact surface. They are often called whiteheads, although not every tiny facial bump is a comedone. They may be part of comedonal acne; firm pearly bumps can instead be milia and need a different approach.

Cleanse without scrubbing, choose products labelled non-comedogenic when possible, and moisturise even if the skin feels oily. A topical retinoid can help prevent cells from sticking inside pores, but it should be introduced according to medical advice and used consistently. Do not pick or lance the bumps. If they persist, a trained professional can discuss extraction or another acne treatment.

Arrange an assessment if the bumps are itchy, painful, inflamed, spreading, leaving marks or unchanged after a careful routine. Seek earlier advice when they cluster around the eyes, resemble milia, or appear after a new medicine or cosmetic product. Rapid swelling or signs of infection need prompt care.

Ask whether the bumps are closed comedones, milia or another condition; which retinoid and moisturiser to use; how to manage irritation; and when extraction or a different treatment should be considered.