Signs of severe pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames air sacs in the lungs. Severe illness may bring fast or laboured breathing, blue or grey lips, marked weakness, drowsiness, confusion, or chest pain that worsens with breathing. A cough may produce phlegm, and fever or chills can accompany the infection. Older adults may become confused or unusually sleepy without a high temperature.

Arrange urgent medical assessment if breathing is harder than usual, symptoms are worsening, or drinking is difficult. Keep the person upright, encourage small sips if fully alert, and bring a list of medicines and medical conditions. Do not delay care while trying to identify whether the cause is influenza, COVID-19, or another infection.

Call emergency services for severe breathlessness, blue or grey lips, new confusion, collapse, inability to wake, or severe chest pain. Emergency assessment is also needed when breathing deteriorates quickly or a person appears pale, clammy, and extremely weak, because a serious infection can affect the whole body.

Ask whether oxygen measurement, a chest examination, imaging, or blood tests are needed. Clarify the treatment plan, warning signs to watch for at home, and when follow-up should occur.