Headache on one side

Pain at one temple, behind one eye or along one side of the scalp can occur with migraine, which may also bring nausea or sensitivity to light and sound. Nasal congestion, facial pressure and a recent cold or allergy flare can make pain feel one-sided. Heat, fluid loss, missed meals, poor sleep, jaw clenching and neck tension are other possible contributors. The location alone cannot identify the cause; the timing, pattern and accompanying symptoms matter.

Move to a quiet, cool space, drink fluids, eat if you have missed a meal and reduce bright screens while symptoms settle. A cold or warm compress may help, depending on which feels better. Use any recommended headache medicine only as directed, and avoid repeatedly taking painkillers without advice because frequent use can maintain headaches. Keep a brief record of triggers, duration, associated symptoms and medicines taken.

Get emergency help for a sudden explosive headache, a new headache after a head injury, weakness or numbness on one side, trouble speaking, seizure, fainting, confusion, stiff neck with fever, new vision loss, or severe eye pain with a red eye. Seek prompt advice for a new or changing pattern, headaches that wake you repeatedly, or pain with persistent vomiting. Heat exposure, recent travel or fever may also change the urgency.

Describe the exact location, onset, duration and associated symptoms. Ask whether the pattern fits migraine, sinus-related pain or another cause, which treatment is suitable, and what changes should prompt urgent review.