Sick headache: what to know

A sick headache may involve pain with nausea or vomiting, and its cause can range from migraine to infection, dehydration, or heat. The pattern matters: note where the pain is, how quickly it began, what triggers it, and whether light, sound, movement, fever, or nasal symptoms are present.

Migraine can cause throbbing head pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light or sound. A common cold, allergic rhinitis, or chronic sinusitis may add congestion and facial pressure. COVID-19 can include headache with fever, cough, sore throat, or fatigue. Dehydration and heat exhaustion may bring headache with thirst, weakness, dizziness, or reduced urination. Anxiety can contribute to muscle tension and head pain.

Rest in a quiet, dim room and sip fluids regularly. Eat a small meal if you have missed food. A cool cloth may ease discomfort. Limit alcohol and avoid driving if dizziness or visual symptoms are present. A pharmacist can advise whether an over-the-counter pain medicine is suitable; follow the label and avoid repeated use that could itself worsen headaches.

Get urgent help for a sudden, extremely severe headache, new weakness or numbness, confusion, fainting, a seizure, or trouble speaking or seeing. Seek prompt assessment for headache with a stiff neck and fever, repeated vomiting, severe dehydration, a recent head injury, or a new pattern during pregnancy. Arrange medical review when headaches keep returning or interfere with normal activities.

Ask whether your symptoms fit migraine, how to track triggers, which medicines are safe with your conditions, and whether you need testing for infection or another cause.