What should you know about scalp headache?

Pain or tenderness over the scalp can occur when muscles in the forehead, scalp, jaw or neck tighten. It can also accompany a common cold, allergic rhinitis or sinus problems. Heat exposure and dehydration may contribute, while fever and body aches can occur with infections such as COVID-19 or dengue fever. Notice whether pain is pressing or throbbing, one-sided or widespread, sudden or gradual, and whether touch, movement, light, fever or nasal symptoms change it. Scalp tenderness by itself does not identify one diagnosis.

Rest in a quiet place, drink fluids and take breaks from screens or close-up work. Gentle neck and shoulder movement, a cool cloth and relaxed jaw posture may help when muscle tension is involved. Avoid vigorous scalp massage if the area is inflamed or very tender. Use a pain medicine only as directed on its label and check with a pharmacist if you are pregnant, have other conditions or take regular medicines. Keep a brief record of triggers, timing and associated symptoms.

Get urgent help for a sudden severe headache, weakness, trouble speaking, confusion, fainting, a stiff neck with fever, repeated vomiting, new vision loss or a headache after a head injury. Seek prompt assessment for persistent fever, bleeding or unusual bruising, severe dehydration, worsening pain, or a new headache that keeps returning. A clinician can decide whether examination or testing is needed.

What pattern does my headache suggest? Could congestion, dehydration, heat or an infection be contributing? Which pain relief is suitable for me? What changes should make me seek urgent help?